| | Asteroidea | Ophiuroidea | Echinodea | Holothuroidea | Crinoidea |
| Body shape | Like star with five arm and spiked | Like cakral ball with five eliptic arms | Like globular spiked and without hands | Eliptic, oval or like adult worm | Have different mouth with other species.5 or 10 arm withmany branches |
| Ambulakral system | · Madreporit · Stones channel · Bracelet channel · Tiedemannbodies · Four poly bubble · Five radial channel · Transversal Channel · Ampulla · Feet tube with sucker | Same with Astroidea | · Madreporit · Stones channel · Bracelet channel · 5 Radial channel | Same with echinodea but in bracelet channel have poly vesicula | · Cillia Ambulakral · Dont have madreporit and Ampulla |
| Digestive system | · Mouth · Short esofagus · Kardia Gastric · Pilorik gastric · Anus | · Mouth With five jaw · Gastric · No sekum or anus | · Mouth · Aristotle lantern · Esofagus · Gastric · Intestine · Anus | · Mouth · Esofagus · Gastric · Intestine · Kloaka · Anus | · Mouth · Eshofagus · Rectum · anus |
| Nerves System | · Ektoruneral · Hyponeural · Aboral | · Ring nerves which runs around the central disk · . At the base of each arm, the ring attaches to a radial nerve which runs to the end of the limb | · The Nerve around the mouth · Five radial Nerve · Subepidermal pleksus | · Ring nerves · Part of oral have 5 Radial Nerves | · Ring nerves · Radial nerves |
| Reproduction system | · Seperate reproductive organ · Eksternal fertilization · Larva is bipinaria | · Seperate reproductive organ · Eksternal Fertilization · Larva is Pluteus | · Seperate reproductive organ · Larva is Pluteus · Gonad in Aboral surface | · Seperate reproductive organ · Some species hemoproditt · Larva is Auricularia | · Seperate reproductive organ · Gonad usually in piannulla · Larva is Dolioria |
| Species Examples | · Plasnatar speic · Taeniactis | · Ophiotorix · Gorghonocepalus | · Arbacia · Strogylocentrrotus | · Holothuria · Stichopus | · Isocrinus · Asterias |
b. Description
Echinodermate have five class. They are Asteroidea, ophiurudea, Echinodea, Holoctuinedea, Crinoidea. There are several differentsis class of Echinodermate filum. We have some indicator to discriminate their class.
For the first we look from body shape.First class is Asteoidea has body shape like star with five five arms. The body spiked with compound with calcium ( Osikel ). At the basic of Around the thorn have thorn that changed, called Pediselaria. Pediselaria have functions, they are , Protective skin gills, cacth food, and prevent residual organism in order to accumulate in part of its body. Second class is Ophiuroidea have body shape like cakral ball with five elipstic arm. Every arm have same segments. In Every segment have two lines where Osikula attached. The third class is Echinodea have body shape like globular, Have five same parts of body without hand and spiked. The thorn attached in muscle(tuberkel), The fourth class is Holothuroidea like adult worm, eliptic with many kind of color. It not has arm, pediselaria and thorn. Five class is Crinoidea body shape like plant. Have different mouth with other species. It have 5 or 10 arms with branches.
If we look from Ambulakral system. Some class have different Ambulakral system. Ambulakral system Of Asteroidea have eight part. They are, Madreporit ( The ingress of water ), Stones channel, Bracelet channel( ring channel), Tiedeman Body, (Has function to place for make amuboid cell.The amuboid cell have function to respiration, sirkulation, ekretion, Four poly bubble Five radial channel Transversal Channel Ampulla and Feet tube with sucker. Ophiuroidea have some Ambulakrar system with Asteroidea. Third class is Echinoidea have system ambulakrar with four parts. They are madreporit ( The place in periproct), Channel stone( Surrounded by Aksial mucus ), Ring channel ( Around the esofagus ), and Five radial channel. In Holothuroidea class system ambukalar same with Echinoidea but in channel ring have some poly vesicula ( pouch that hangs into the body cavity ). Crinoidea class do not have madreporit and ampulla in ambulakrar system. It has cillia Ambulakrar .
For digestive system. First class Asteroidea have digestive system like mouth, short esofagus, kardiac gastric, piloric gastric and anus. Ophiuroidea class have digestive system like mouth with five jaw, gastric, no sekum or anus. Third class is Echinoidea have Mouth, Aristotle lantern, Esofagus, Gastric, Intestine and Anus. Holothuroidea have mouth, esofagus, gastric, intestine, kloaka and anus.And the last class crinoidea have mouth, eshofagus, rectum and anus.
In nerves system class in filum Echinodermata have some differentsis. Asteroidea have three parts of nerves system there are, In the mouth ( Ecktoneural), Inner of body (hyponeural )and in part of selom ( aboral ). The nervous system In ophiuroidae consists of a main nerve ring which runs around the central disk. At the base of each arm, the ring attaches to a radial nerve which runs to the end of the limb. The nerves in each limb run through a canal at the base of the vertebral ossicles. The third class is Echinoidea have three part of nerves there are the nerve around the mouth, five radial nerve and subepidermal pleksus. Holutroidea class have Nerve ring in part of ora lwith have 5 Radial Nerves. And the last class Crinoidea have two part there are ring nerves and radial nerves.
2. The differences between order Simaeostomae ( Aurelia aurita ) and Rhizostomae (Phylorita punctata )
| Indicators/Order | Simaeostomae ( Aurelia aurita ) | Rhizostomae (Phylorita punctata ) |
| Tentacle | Have 8 tentacle - Four tentacle in perradial - Four tentacle in Interradial | Do not have tentacle |
| Mouth | Mouth shape like square and have four ostium arms. | Mouth closed by ostium arm |
| Umbrella | Umbrella shape like plate or discus. Umbrella have tentacle in its side. | Umbrella dont have tentacle. |
| Polyp Reproduce | Forming Planula Bud and polyp bud | Only Planula buds. |
| Strobilation’s phase | Produce many ephyraes | Produce just one one ephyra |
| Simbiosis | Does not simbiosis withzooxhantela | Simbiosis with zooxhantela |
3. Descriptin about Digestive system and Moving system of Starfish and Sea urchin
There are some differences from starfish and sea urchin we look from digestive system and Moving system. Firstly we look from digestive system for Starfish. Digestive system for starfish begin from mouth that related with very short eshofagus, then continue with pocket for function as gastric. Gastic are two part, Face side ( Kardiak ) have large size than back side ( pilorus ), In digestive system, gastric secrete mucosa. From pilorus show channel to every arm. The arm branches become two part called caeca hepatis (Green color ) or we called pilorus sokus. At Pilorus Sokus starfish do secrete enzim for digest its prey.there is Intestin In over up gastric like short channel that open in anus are. Food digest with mucosa and enzim, whereas food is not digest will be secrete from mouth. In solution contain food subtances that circulated by silia to all part of body.
Digestive system for sea Urchin Consist long channel and circular in shell. Digestive sytem begin from mouth at oral area that have sifon channel and cilliated. With large mouth that surrounded by five skeleton in shell. Channel sifon related eshofagus and intestin. The next of digestive system is gastric with pockets and ended in rectum. Anus in aboral surface, it in center of body between limestone slabs that consist 2,4 until five genital holes. Some echinodea has mouth and anus in side of its body, but any mouth in center.
For moving system some with Digestive system there are any different system between starfish and Sea urchin. In starfish water entry trhough dorsal plate with smal holes ( Madreporit ) to stone vessels. Then continued to ring channel with five branches or we called radial channel and next to lateral channel. In every branch have feet tube and paired with like muscle buble or called Ampula. From Lateral small, water entry to ampula. It’s channel end in ampulka. When Ampulla contraction, so water will be oppressed and entry in feet tube. Consequely feet tube lengthwise. If it’s animal move to right side, so feet tube in the right side will hold object underneath and other feet will be free. And then ampula expand again and water will be move opposite with entry dirrection. Feet tube that hold the object will drag this animal to its direction..
Sea urchin move using jointed spines with muscle and ambulakral muscle, so it spine can be move. There are five lines of ambulakral foot that seperated by ambulakral coe without foot. Five pairs of small amburakal is homolog with five starfish arms and porous in place that have madreporit. Sea urchin have slim, long and sticking feet tube between its spines. Spine and feet its feet tube use to moving creep in seabed.
4. Meaning of Decadency and Examples
Decadency is some meaning with slump. Decadency usually related with moral. Many people have wrote article with title “ Moral decadency “. Moral decadency can be happened in student. In generally meaning Decadency is reduction of morality standard people or community to value that has prevailed.
Examples of decadency are
· Fifty years ago Teacher always give greeting and kissed their teacher hands but nowdays student dont do it things again.
· Nowdays, NARKOBA not just use by Adult but student like junior high school or Senior High school used it
Bibliografi
Anonim.2011. Echinodermata. Jakarta ( Diunduh di http:// wkipedia. com. 22th of december 2011 8. Pm)
Jasin, M.. 1992. Zoologi invertebrata. Surabaya : Sinar Wijaya.
Rusyana, A.. 2011. Zoologi Invertebrata. Bandung : Alfabeta.
